South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology : Query result

Proto-!Wi : *t́u

Stems : *tu-i

Meaning : to hear

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : ttú, ttúï, tūï, ttóä (B.); ttŭ́, ttúï̆ (Ll.)

//Ng : tu, tūi

N|huki : ću(u)

#Khomani : tjhu (Mg.)

//Kxau : tu⁺

Seroa : tu (Wu.)

//Xegwi (Batwa) : tūi; tuʔbi (LH)

|Auni : tu, tūi

References : Bleek 186, 191, 204, 206, 239, 240; LHa 115; Meinhof 1929: 186; NFn.

Proto-!Wi : *tu-

Stems : *tu-^ŋ

Meaning : skin

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : ttŭ^ŋ, emph. ttŭ^ŋṅ, ttũwaṅ

//Ng : tũ, twã, diõ (?)

N|huki : ʒ́ũũ

#Khomani : gjo (Mg.)

//Xegwi (Batwa) : tuŋ, tũũ (LH)

References : Bleek 26, 47, 240, 243; LHa 99; Maingard 243; NFn.

Proto-!Wi : *tu

Meaning : man; people; who

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : túkǝn (B.), ttú-kǝn, emph. ttúkakǝn (Ll.) "males" (pl. only)

//Ng : tũ, =tu, pl. tukǝn, tũnjǝn, tuŋǝn

N|huki : ću(xe) "who?"

#Khomani : tjhuxai "who" (Mg.)

//Kxau : tu' "who"

//Xegwi (Batwa) : towa "who" (LH)

|Auni : tuke, tuku, tutus, tutuse "men, boys"

|Haasi : tsī "who" (?)

References : Bleek 204, 239, 593; LHa 101; Meinhof 1929: 188; NFn; Story 23.

Proto-!Wi : *tu

Meaning : mouth

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : ttú, emph. ttúkǝn, pl. ttúttu, túwakǝn (B.); tuh (Lich.); ttŭ́ (Ll.)

//Ng : tu, pl. tuŋǝn

N|huki : ću

#Khomani : tu (Mg.)

//Kxau : tuʔs |huṅ "mouth"s beard = moustache"

//Ku//e : tu

Seroa : gu

!Gã!ne : tu, thu

//Xegwi (Batwa) : tu, t́u (LH)

|Auni : tu, thu, ǂkū

|Nusan : du

References : Bleek 28, 50, 239, 664; LHa 108; NFn.

Proto-!Wi : *tui

Meaning : wound; sore

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : twī, ttwī, pl. ttwittwī, tuitui (B.); ttwi, tu̥itu̥ītǝn (Ll.)

References : Bleek 244.

Proto-!Wi : *tV

Meaning : this, that

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

N|huki : keBeke "many"

#Khomani : kjebekje "many" (? = "these")

//Kxau : ti "this"; tē "this one"

//Ku//e : ti "this, that", te "there"

|Auni : ti "that, there"; tan "that is"; ta "it"

|Nusan : ti "here, there, this"

References : Bleek 94, 186, 189, 191, 194, 196, 202; Maingard 240; NFn.

Proto-!Wi : *tV

Stems : *tɛ; *tṼ

Meaning : to lie down

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : tá, tā, tēṅ, tēn, tiṅ, ttē_^ŋ, tɛ̄^ŋ (B.); ttā, tā, ttēn, tēṅ, ttēnttēn, ttēṅya, ttĕ^ŋ (Ll.)

//Ng : tia; kia, kieŋ

N|huki : ćĩĩ, ʒ́ĩĩ; ćaʔa, ćaa

//Kxau : da, ta, tṇ

|Auni : toa "to lie down, come down"

References : Bleek 19, 91, 92, 185, 186, 196, 198, 202, 203, 205, 206, 239; Meinhof 1929: 186; NFn.

Proto-!Wi : *tV

Meaning : not

|Haasi : tju, tja

References : Story 21.

Proto-!Wi : *tVm

Meaning : tsamma melon

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Nusan : tʌm

References : Bleek 243.

Proto-!Wi : *tVrV

Meaning : path

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

//Ng : tirau

References : Bleek 203.

Proto-!Wi : *txà

Stems : *txà-i

Meaning : to excrete

|Xam : ttx`aī́ "to void" (Ll.)

#Khomani : txei "to excrete" (Dk.)

References : Bleek 245.

Proto-!Wi : *txè

Stems : *txè-ri

Meaning : to tear

|Xam : ttxĕ́rri, ttx`éttx`étă (Ll.)

References : Bleek 245.

Proto-!Wi : *u

Meaning : to go, come

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : u (B.); ŭ́, ŭ̀ "go away" (Ll.)

//Ng : u "to pass"

#Khomani : ū "to get (take away)" (Mg.)

//Kxau : ʔu "to go"

//Xegwi (Batwa) : u "to go away; to fetch"

|Auni : =u "to lift up, away, go out, take away"

References : Bleek 246.

Proto-!Wi : *u

Meaning : you (pl.)

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : u, emph. u-u, úkǝn (B.); ŭ́ (Ll.)

//Ng : u

N|huki : ʔu, ʔuu

#Khomani : u, uku (Mg.)

//Kxau : ʔu

//Ku//e : u

Seroa : u

//Xegwi (Batwa) : ʔuʔe (LH)

|Auni : u, du

|Nusan : ụ, obj. u

References : Bleek 28, 246-47; LHa 98; Maingard 244; NFn.

Proto-!Wi : *u

Meaning : big, tall, old

|Auni : =us, =usi, =uši "to be big, tall, old"; o "old"

|Haasi : ɔ si "big"

Notes : A |Auni-|Haasi isogloss. |Auni o probably = u[-s] before labials (cf. Bleek's example: o makopo "old Makopo"). For the form o, however, Bleek supposes borrowing from Afrikaans (ou "old").

References : Bleek 155, 249.

Proto-!Wi : *ui

Meaning : to lift

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : ūï, uï, wwhai, wwhei (B.); úï̆, wai, wwại, wẹi, wwhại (Ll.)

References : Bleek 247, 251.

Proto-!Wi : *wa

Meaning : father

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : ṓä, óä, emph. óäkẹn, pl. ókẹngu, ō_kẹngukẹn (B.); ŏa (Lich.)

//Ng : ā (only in terms of relationship); eiŋ-ki, =ɛ̄ŋ-ki

#Khomani : aŋ-kje (Mg.)

//Ku//e : oa

Seroa : ãw (Wu.)

!Gã!ne : ãw

//Xegwi (Batwa) : ā; bāba; ʔaa (LH)

|Nusan : oa

Notes : The ||Ng-ǂKhomani form reflects a complex stem (*wa-ĩke); cf. the Proto-!Wi form for "mother" for the same correlation. ||Xegwi bāba is either an old reduplicated form or one influenced by outside sources.

References : Bleek 5, 10, 12, 13, 37, 39, 152-3; LHa 98; Maingard 239.

Proto-!Wi : *xa

Meaning : interrogative particle

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : x`a (B., Ll.), xău (B.), x`ău (Ll.)

References : Bleek 254, 258.

Proto-!Wi : *[x]ai

Meaning : mother; fem. suffix

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : -xai (Ll.)

#Khomani : -xai (Mg.)

|Auni : ai, kai, khaia "mother"

|Haasi : ʔi "mother"

|Nusan : ||ga-xai "sister"

References : Bleek 6, 68, 77, 88, 255; Maingard 239.

Proto-!Wi : *xara- (?)

Meaning : long

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Auni : xaras

References : Bleek 1929: 55.